Internet Law 3B05

Question-Differentiated services which allow for different consumer experiences of network delivery based upon paid access or similar access control provisions pose a threat to the future of internet communications.Critically evaluate this statement in the context of the EU legislative proposal on net neutrality? Introduction With regard to information infrastructure, internet can be given the title of the most successful experiments and an integrated effort of constant research and development into the information infrastructure segment (Leiner, Cerf, Kahn, Kleinrock, Lynch, Postel, Roberts and Wolff 2015). At the click of a button, information can be disseminated to millions and billions of people across the world, irrespective of their demographic conditions. That is the magic of the revolutionised platform of the World Wide Web, whom we popularly call the internet (Weitzner, 2006). If statistics were to be taken into account, almost 20% of the global internet users were said to be from Europe, according to a survey taken on June 30, 2014 by Internet World Stats. Below is the represented pie-chart of the same statistics: Figure 1: Global internet users statistics in percentage (Miniwatts Marketing Group, 2014) According to Kramer, Wiewiorra and Weinhardt (2012), with the sudden surge of the internet as the obvious platform for the broadcast of information, there has been a sudden interest of the private market players with regard to the monetization of the services of internet service providers in the near future. The right kind of legislations and action steps must be in place, in order to ensure that decisions are taken in the general interest of the public (Kramer et al, 2012). Background As obvious as the world around us seems, without the internet, no single business or academic or entertainment activities seem possible. As a matter of fact, the article has been written primarily with the dynamic facility of the internet as a search-tool medium. This present employment of internet in our daily to daily, and in fact hourly to hourly activities of mankind, has led the internet service providers to rampantly monetize the entire internet service providing activity among the masses of the European population and worldwide as such (Kramer et al, 2012). Such exponential focus on the healthy supply of internet from ISPs to the public aroused a concept called net neutrality debate, which takes into consideration the status of the internet in the coming future. The EU Legislative proposal on net neutrality was a key decision taken in, across and for the entire European countries in the late 2013 in the months of September (Meyer, 2013). The entire purpose of creating a new framework for internet service takers across the European Union was to scrape out the fragment network of internet providers which were disrupting the unified approach to taking and using internet connections. With the advent of the EU legislative proposal on net neutrality, the roaming charges were aimed to be cut down as well as to create an authentic market for telecommunications for internet users in the EU region. However, the prior requirement of being converted into a law would relate to the passing of the proposal by the European Parliament. Body European Unions legislative proposal on net neutrality In the context with the European Unions legislate proposal on net neutrality, the European Parliament has taken into consideration to impose restrictive barriers on the internet service providers (ISPs) to offer differentiated products of internet services, with the aim of targeting data-hungry consumers for generating higher revenue (BBC, 2014). The proposed legislation has still not been passed by the European Unions Council of Ministers, and comes into contradiction with other countries like USA and India which offers customers a variety of broadband and wireless data packages, therefore targeting to the individual needs of the customers and bridging up the connection between demand and supply for generating higher revenues presently and in the coming future. For instance, a company like Netflix in the USA was the highest tax paying company for offering preferential internet services to the customers of the States. The principle behind such a proposal is to ensure that all the service providers are in the practice of offering a similar product to customers, which will result in the generation of equal internet traffic. Although the net neutrality proposal would prove to be a boon for the general public otherwise, it might just as well prove to be a bane for the entertainment industries which promise the download and viewing capacity of films at a 4k super-qualitative speed, for a higher sum of revenue (BBC, 2014). With response to the suggested legislative proposal of net neutrality, a combined statement by four trade bodies of cloud data storage and telecom operators revealed that the legislation has been put forward in haste without adequate technical analysis. This could lead to the same legislation turning out to be an anti-consumer legislation, rather than in their interest, since a lot of consumer services will get disrupted with such a legislation coming into power. The current practises of the ISPs of UK revealed that they were operating their services with controlled traffic already, thereby questioning the construction of net neutralitys actual reference in the present scene (Kramer et al, 2012). However, the proposed open internet packages were being welcome by the general public and also by other internet service providers, with regard to the inference of net neutrality. The effects of European Union (EU)s legislative proposal on net neutrality The following would be the relevant various consequences once the EU legislation on net neutrality is cleared by the Parliament (Meyer, 2013). It will not be in the hands of the service providers to steal their custom, as all this was required earlier under the umbrella of the different operators, for instance, Skype. In the coming years, there shall be no existence of something called roaming charges In specific cases, the consumers might have to clear payments to certain ISPs in order to prioritize their traffic, A uniform license for one state shall act as the license for the other member States of the European Union. Another major factor is that the existing barriers to the offloading of mobile traffic onto the radio LANs shall continue to be disrupted. Broadband terms and conditions must be made clear to the target audience, thereby facilitating the decision making of users across the EU nation. Moreover, the users shall not be subjected to penalties since there are random price hikes and other things altogether. A direct impact of such an act coming into existence would be the increased bills of the consumers who demand online entertainment media. For instance, in order to download movies and watch videos/movies online, the consumer will have to bear the extra infrastructure costs which will be pushed down to them from the internet service providers (BBC, 2014). This statement was also passed by Chris Green, a technological analyst employed with Davies Murphy Group Consultancy. However, one positive implication of the European Unions proposed legislation would be the direct ban on the roaming charges while travelling in other European countries (Jurist, 2014). The concept of differentiated services Differentiated services indicate that the consumers face a mix of different internet packages across the EU states, which ranges between two extreme limits of a free open internet source and high-quality paid services. These high-quality internet services cater to the needs of consumers who are willing to pay a higher range of prices in order to accommodate their demand for much faster and smoother internet connectivity for their personal/business usage (Baker, 2015). However, one must keep in mind that the initial birth of internet services was propagated with the concept of a fair and equal availability of internet services to the worldwide consumers without any form of prejudice or bias. However, now that, European Union has pushed off the legislative proposal to implement net neutrality, internet service providers (ISPs) have a green signal to practice the supply of different internet packages in order to maximise profitability off the same. One must mark that Italy has come forward in the year 2014 (November) to express its objection on the restriction of preferential internet service supply, stating that the definition of net neutrality might stand to be at variance from different provisions (Essers, 2014). Thesis statement as to why differentiated services pose a threat to the future of internet communications Monopoly of internet service providers It is certainly evident that the supply of differentiated services of internet packages will emphasises the role of internet service providers in the community, both financially and strategically. In order to apply differentiated services practice in the market, ISPs offer two different schemes generally to the customers. First, nominal users of the internet might be offered a cut-off from the fixed charges which a heavy user pays for his unlimited data usage. This would lead to a situation where in the nominal user might have to incur additional charges for accessing several other websites, or either in the case of diminishing their fixed data packages. The other manner of violating the net neutrality practises would be to offer different Quality of Services (QoS) packages to the customers which would directly lead to creating biases of speed for the amount paid for accessing the internet services (Kramer et al 2012). Such practises come across as destructive for the future of inter net communication as; an unregulated and biased practise is definitely unfavourable for the customer who might simply switch to alternate forms of communication. The ISPs are the middle agent for the two sides of the market, one wherein the supplies of content and services (CSPs) are present, and the other would be the demand side of the consumers (integrated users IU) (Kramer et al 2012). Now both the CSPs and the IUs want to be connected to one another, and the platform for the same is created by the ISPs, thereby giving birth to the possibility of their monopoly in the coming future. The power of charging preferential rates remains in the hands of the ISPs as long as the concept of net neutrality does not come into the scene, however, once it does, it will weaken the overall capacity of ISPs to influence advertisement and content decisions. Also, in order to maximise revenue, the ISPs charge fees from the side whose value is the most. In order to support the above stated statement, various examples can be stated. For instance, the credit card companies always levy a charge on the merchant and not on the customers, or the free entry of lad ies to clubs whereas men have to bear the cost for the same. Such practises again disdain the idea of providing utmost customer satisfaction to both the parties, the CSPs and IUs, thereby creating a disorganized platform of operations. The last mile of connection There are severely high chances of monopolistic conditions in the European economy, if the proposition of differentiated internet services is to go on being practised by telecommunications companies (Jordan, 2009). The last mile of connection is synonymous to and indicative of the final delivery of internet accessibility from the provider to the consumer. At this juncture, it must be observed that the data packet has to be transferred through other service providers equipments. The consumers are generally concerned about the higher charges due to the ownership of these cable lines by the internet service providers as compared to the other ones who are rather deploying the accessibility of other ISPs (Jordan, 2009). Such reliability on the cable owners equipment accessibility might completely jeopardise the business of the content providers, as they may land up charging exorbitant rates of charges. Conclusion In the current scenario, we see that the EU has suspended the plan of net neutrality and postponed it to the next couple of months. This has given ISPs the green signal to go ahead and practice differentiated services in the internet market, therefore maximising their revenues by offering preferential data packages to customers. The initial few days of the current year of 2015 witnessed Latvia adopting the new presidential rule of the European Unions Council of Ministers, which has led to the pushing off the net neutrality ideology of the EU for a couple of months, as mutually decided upon by the European Union member states (Baker, 2015). This compromise upon the concept of net neutrality, indicating that, the European Union now will be finding a fine balance between the high quality internet services by ISPs, and a reasonable price offering for the consumers, which leads to the birth of differentiated services existence in the EU member states. The reason why differentiated services are not taken to be healthy for a coming future generation would be the high possibility of manually controlled internet environment by the major players of the industry. With context to the proposed legislation of net neutrality, differentiated product offerings by internet service providers might lead to unhealthy competition amongst different ISPs leading to higher speed in certain internet packages and a compromise over the other. Moreover, the customers who are willing to pay higher charges get benefitted, whereas the general public who are not willing to shell more money than required remained at an uncalculated disadvantage. Moreover, the structure of net neutrality suggests that all the citizens of the European Unions member states must have access to open and equal internet networks, a situation, destroyed by differentiated product offerings. References Anderson and Rainie, 'Elaborations: More Expert Responses' Baker, 'EU net neutrality: Dont worry, were now safely in the hands of Latvia' Baron-Cohen et al, '2010: How is internet changing the way you think?' (edge.org 2010) BBC, 'Net neutrality law adopted by European Parliament' Belli and Bergen, 'Protecting Human Rights through Network Neutrality: Furthering Internet Users Interest, Modernising Human Rights and Safeguarding the Open Internet' BEREC, 'Summary of BEREC positions on net neutrality' Cannella, MacDonald and Ben-Avie, 'Net Neutrality - Ending network discrimination in Europe' Donovan, 'Why the U.K. might kill the EU's net neutrality law' (dailydot.com 2014) Essers, 'EU net neutrality legislation under threat from Italian proposals, says rights group' European Commission, 'Connected Continent legislative package' Fiedler, 'Net Neutrality' (edri.org 2012) Global Economic Symposium, 'Cybercrime, Cybersecurity and the Future of the Internet' Jordan, 'Implications of Internet Architecture on Net Neutrality' (pitt.edu 2009) Jurist, 'European Parliament approves 'net neutrality' proposal' (jurist.org 2014) Kramer, Wiewiorra and Weinhardt, 'Net neutrality: A progress report' Leiner et al, 'Brief history of the internet' (internetsociety.org 2015) Miniwatts Marketing Group, 'Internet usage statistics' Meyer, 'Cheaper roaming and net neutrality: Heres what the new EU telecoms law would achieve' Meyer, 'European Parliament passes strong net neutrality law, along with major roaming reforms' NF Doherty and F Ellis-Chadwick, 'Internet retailing: the past, the present and the future' [2010] TOU 943, 965 Patel and Taneja, 'Regulation of Telecom and Electric Power: Divergent History, Common Future?' PWC, 'IP Transformation Connected Thinking' (pwc.com 2005) Rainford, 'Eurobites: Net Neutrality Battle Looms' Scott, 'Europe Takes another Look at Net Neutrality' Sen, 'Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing ' Stevens, 'Regulation and consumer protection in a converging environment' Telecom Regulation (EC) 627/2013 REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL laying down measures concerning the European single market for electronic communications and to achieve a Connected Continent, and amending Directives 2002/20/EC, 2002/21/EC and 2002/22/EC and Regulations (EC) No 1211/2009 and (EU) No 531/2012 [2013] Telecom Regulation (EC) 2013/0309 Proposal for the regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council laying down measures concerning the European single market for electronic communications and to achieve a Connected Continent, and amending Directives 2002/20/EC, 2002/21/EC and 2002/22/EC and Regulations (EC) No 1211/2009 and (EU) No 531/2012 [2013] [2013] OJ L Tyson and Crawford, 'How PCs work' Weitzner, 'The Neutral Internet: An Information Architecture for Open Societies'

Personal Ethics Development free essay sample

Humans are born into the world without any personal values or belief systems. The only skill a newborn has is the ability to cry when he or she requires food, attention, or comfort. Ethics are learned and developed from the time one is born and continue throughout his or her life. The goal of developing values in children is to establish the capability to make sound judgments and ethical decisions (Kohlberg, 1971). This narrative will focus on the examination of my personal ethics, ground rules, and ethical development. I will define my ethical system, its primary principles, and the sources from which they derive (people, institutions, events, etc. ). The criteria and decision-making factors I employ to revise my values will also be explored. Additionally, by providing a personal example, I will discuss the potential effect of my values on my performance in my workplace. Finally, I will attempt to explain why ethics are needed in an organization and how ethics are integrated into the organization to achieve its direction and goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Ethics Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Personal ethical development Many individuals exist with varying values and ethical standards, and some may be similar to your own; however, it is my opinion no two individuals standards and values are identical. Individual ethics and values are established by one’s culture, background, and environment. My family taught me traditional values that became the backdrop for my upbringing. The notion of religion, family, harmony, truthfulness, and education were instilled at an early age. I was taught to obey and that the first obligation of a child was to make my parents proud. I learned early in my life about diversity and the importance of appreciating and respecting those of different cultures. As far back as I can recall, my parents established that reverence for God was the utmost significant thing in life. The priority that was laid-out was God, church, then family. Every evening, our family would gather to say our prayers; we would pray for our family, friends, government leaders, and those less fortunate than us. We attended church services twice on Sunday and every Wednesday evening we attended Bible study. Although my thinking has evolved, it is my opinion that this religious exposure is at the core of my moral standards and duty-based belief system today. Criteria used to revise my values Human nature as well as life experiences are factors in further development of values. These factors serve to both strengthen and moderate our value sets. When individuals are confronted with quandaries about values, definite questions arise, such as what forged those positions and beliefs. The personal ethics of each individual should be considered as valuable. Those principles will symbolize that person’s utmost priority and compelling force. Values and ethics are accepted by an individual and used in either his or her personal as well as business worlds. In light of this, if a person brings personal values and ethics into his or her organization and that workplace fails to uphold ethics as precedence, it is not likely the individual will be successful at that organization. Over the years, life experiences have taught me to align myself properly with organizations, people, and places that match my ethical criteria. This is not to suggest I am closed-minded; however, I believe require common ground prior to revising my ethical standards. For example, I once believed if someone were of a different faith, he or she would not â€Å"go to heaven. † It has been only through a process of realigning my beliefs that I do not believe that way. Love, tolerance, and open-mindedness are the keys by which I can evaluate my positions and reorganize my thoughts surrounding them. Personal example Early in my career in sales, I obtained employment at a local Ford dealership as a sales associate. I worked there quite successfully for 18 months. One-day a 70+ year old lady walked in and wanted to buy a Ford Escort. She had with her a folder that provided her the Internet pricing and wondered if we would make her a good deal. I told her I would and presented the information to the general manager. He advised me there was no way an old lady like that would have Internet pricing and directed me to change her way of thinking. Essentially everything he advised me to tell her was not true. I then informed him I under no uncertain terms would I lie to this customer. He angrily asked me, â€Å"Are you saying that I need to find a competent sales person to close this? I responded by saying, â€Å"If you define competency as lying, cheating, and stealing from an old lady, then that is exactly what I am telling you. † I quickly left his office and returned to the customer. I told her that if I were her I would gather my things and leave. She graciously hugged me for my honesty and left without buying a car. Based on that experi ence and many others, I decided that line of work was aligned with my belief system. That decision was based solely on the morals, values, and ethical standards that had been instilled in me from an early age. Within 30 days of that incident, I was gainfully employed by a Fortune 500 company selling tax and accounting software to accountants, Certified Public Accountants, and tax practitioners. That new role turned out to be far more rewarding as there was not a culture of corruption and dishonesty. Ethics within an organization When an individual joins an organization, he or she brings certain viewpoints and values to the organization. The values an individual possesses will meld with those of other employees. This will, in part, help build culture of the organization. This organizational culture turns out to be the character of the business. The culture is also based on the norms and ideals of the management and current employees. According to Trevino and Nelson, â€Å"†¦ three out of four respondents claimed that their company’s code of ethics, or ethics in general, actually means something to them in their day-to-day work† (2007, p. 6). Individuals tend to want to align themselves with organizations comprised of the highest standards; therefore, it is important for any organization to create an environment conducive to respect, inclusion, integrity, and loyalty. Conclusion Personal ethics development is an ongoing process that begins from childbirth. Many factors help formulate ones values and ethical systems. My religious upbringing helped mold me into the person I am today. Although I have reevaluated some of the ethical positions I held previously, my foundation remains the same. As is apparent by the personal example provided, I am passionate about ethics even in a business setting. If the standards of an organization are grossly misaligned with my ethical beliefs, I will terminate the relationship. Ethics within an organization are as vitally important to the success of the organization as they are to the individual. By far, my feeling is if organizations and individuals also strive to understand what is right and wrong and do what is right, the world will be a better place.

Writing a Diversity Essay - How to Get Started

Writing a Diversity Essay - How to Get StartedWriting a diversity essay requires reading, thinking, and being creative. This means that you have to come up with diverse and interesting topics that will allow you to show that you are truly different from others in the group. You have to also be able to communicate your ideas through your writing so that it is interesting and meaningful to your reader.The student's first exposure to diversity will probably be the experience of watching a teacher present a program at school that featured a diverse group of students. This is an excellent opportunity for them to see that diversity exists. They can see that people can come from all different backgrounds and cultures. When you get the chance to see diversity firsthand, you are much more likely to continue doing research on the topic.At the same time, it is very important for the teachers to keep in mind that students love learning. If a group of students are not studying, they will not be l earning anything. Therefore, it is best for teachers to put the time and effort into providing their students with opportunities to learn about diversity.In order to write a diversity essay, you should consider reading the following books, magazines, and websites about diversity. There are several of these resources online and they all provide great information about this topic. You should read the different books and then pick one that is interesting to you.Another thing that you should look for is basic information about the life experiences of the students that you are writing about. In other words, they should be willing to talk about their backgrounds as well as the experiences that they have had.Diversity essay topics may vary from person to person. The most important thing for you to remember is that you should be open and willing to be flexible so that you can easily write about anything that comes to mind.Once you have basic information about yourself and what you hope to g ain from writing about diversity, you can then begin to gather information about the area in which you are writing about. This means that you need to be prepared to actually travel to the place that you are writing about. Then you will have to discuss the cultural issues, ethnicities, and religions in that particular location.

Race In Education Essays - Idaho, Cecil D. Andrus,

Race In Education Fall of 1999, I applied for the University of Idaho to pursue a bachelor degree. I could be the first in my family to obtain this accomplishment. The issue that always came to mind was will I have enough money? Racial issues in the state of Idaho were a concern of mine also, for I was a member of a minority group. How is it possible for an Asian American, from a low-income family, suppose to fund their education and mentally tolerate racism in Idaho? I felt scared and uncertain of what the future held for me. I he question, "how does other minority groups deal and cope with the issues at hand?" When I graduated high school in 1994, I was uncertain of what I wanted to do. I failed to get a scholarship in athletics and had no funding to pay for school. So, I thought to myself "What am I to do for myself now?" Like most minorities I went to work for a living and eventually got married. Things got worse and worse as time went on. Things turned for the worst and I got divorced and was working as a furniture salesman. I spoke to my parents and told them that I was going to go to college at the University of Idaho. My father laughed and said, "yea right and pigs fly." Certainly all the odds are stacked up against minorities in getting a better education. With all the issues brought up in America about equality in the past decade. We find that minorities do have a lot of lenience in pursuing an education and pursuing professional jobs, "equal opportunity." A big question is "how much lenience do we give and who do we give it to?" In a recent article that I read in the Idaho Statesman, "Diversity: Idaho and the U.S." was pretty interesting, but yet still a harsh reality to minorities. It stated that less than 10 percent of Idaho's population was minority. Idaho is the rated 42 out of 50 states in the lowest percent of minority residents. With numbers so low, does this impact the lenience of minorities received in colleges and big corporations? Does company like Micron and Hewlett-Packard in Boise have recruiting problems in hiring minorities due to affirmative action? Section 601 of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides: No person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color, or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. (American Constitutional Law) With these recruiting problems does this affect the quality of the work? In a interview in The Idaho Statesman, Mehairi stated, "Nothing makes me want to go there," said Mehairi Kassa, a Drexel University student interviewing at a California job fair where HP (Hewlett Packard) was recruiting." If corporations can't to hire on the bases of where they can't base their decision on race, religion, sex, and affiliation of any specific group. Then why do we use these things for basing funding for education? With all these questions at hand, I was curious and I started to look into these fascinating things. Among these things I found in Idaho there are four different racist groups residing in Bonners Ferry, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho Falls, Nampa, and Sandpoint and others in North Idaho. (Idaho Statesman) "North Idaho College couldn't persuade any person of color to apply for its president's job. Several black female candidates were contacted but declined when they learned the college was in Coeur d'Alene," stated Ron Bell Interim President. (Idaho Statesman) This gave me a little insight in how people had perceived the state of Idaho. I think it is perceived this way because of how Idaho is portrayed in the media. With the whole OJ Simpson case and how Mark Fermin lived in Sandpoint. It gives a preconceived idea to minorities considering moving to Idaho. After seeing this insight, I wasn't going to let it deter me from pursuing an education. I continued to look for all the possible ways to finance my education. I filled out a Financial Aide form and pursued several scholarships. After all this, I received enough funding to attend the University of Idaho. Is this because I'm a minority or because I come from a low-income family? I feel that I received this due to the image of how minorities see Idaho's image and that I should reflect how Idaho really looks.

The Economic Aspects of Required Textbooks

The Economic Aspects of Required Textbooks Hashtag: #BudgetBooks The process of determining which books are to be used in a school classroom is historically controversial. The study shows that textbooks in elementary and high school are often acquired based on economic and political reasons rather than educational considerations. Moreover, major textbook publishers often influence school decision about required or supplementary text. If the school adopted the new book as required text then students have to buy it. This, in reality, is helping publisher make money out of school adoption. However, not all students can buy required books and many actually result to borrowing books from libraries, friends, photocopying text, or buying used second-hand books. In some developing countries, for instance, the teacher has the only textbook in the class. In particular, most public school systems  are underfunded and cannot provide new books. The lack of reading materials is further complicated by the fact that these students are relying on outdated materials. For instance, findings of study conducted in developing Asian countries suggests that lack of textbooks and adequate teaching and learning materials result in low student achievement. In contrast, students’ achievement was higher in schools with more textbooks. Teachers are â€Å"gatekeepers† of academic books or the people who have the knowledge and power to recommend the most appropriate textbook for their class. Teachers are powerful actors shaping the content that students are likely to use in their studies. They influence students’ decisions on the kind of books to read and prevent them from wasting time and money on buying books that are not essential to specific classroom tasks. Benefits of Second Hand and Used Books Books required in higher education are often expensive but bookstores nowadays are selling new and used books. Some student government operated bookstores are also selling used books at a much cheaper price than those offered in regular bookstores. Most of these books were collected from â€Å"book drives†, a campaign where discarded books are deposited in a donation bin at school. College students’ organizations are also selling and buying used books. Book exchange provides opportunities for people to sell back their used books at a reasonable price. Students can also buy from online bookstores and wait for shipping. Books, regardless of age are reliable and accurate sources of information. Most teachers depend on books for factual, scholarly, and in-depth inquiry. Old but gently used books are a good source of reading materials and facilitate extensive reading at home. Inequities in students’ access to books outside the classroom can be resolved by soliciting used books. In fact, many persevering and diligent teachers built their classroom libraries from used books purchased by parent-teacher organizations from garage sales. This library of used books contains easily accessible multicultural literature that can help students see themselves, appreciate their own and others culture and language. Book Fairs are not only great way to collect, sell, and raise funds but influential in motivating people to read. Book Swap, on the other hand, enhances social networks of literary enthusiast. Similarly, book hunting through garage sales encouraged students to read some or all the books they find during school break.

Analysing Media Output Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Analysing Media Output - Essay Example In effect, reliability of the study was affected. In another study where quantitative study was also used, the need for the researchers to rely solely on primary data prevented them from collecting secondary data that could answer statistical questions that the respondents in the primary research could not answer. Internal validity was therefore affected in the research. In effect, when the two approaches are combined, there is a better unification of the merits of undertaking content analysis than when only one of the approaches is used. 2. Media content can be used to map long-term social and cultural change. Discuss, mentioning the main challenges for this kind of research in your answer. Generally, the media is described as the eye of society, meaning that the media is an institution that is designated to reflecting on the happenings of society in a manner that entertains, educates and informs the populace (Machin, 2007). The media is also seen as a third party critic of society as the media is expected to belong to a line of argument that is devoid of subjective judgment but rather filled with objective criticism (Fairclough, 1995). Once the latter is done properly, the media should be referred to as an authoritative source for decision making on issues that affect society. Meanwhile, the media carries itself to the populace or audience through the content that it carries, and thus media content. If any reference is being made to the role of the media in society therefore, one could be referring directly to media content. In a recent study, it was identified that the media content has so much power when it comes to influencing social and cultural changes because of the generalized influence that the media has on the society (Riffe, Lacey and Fico, 1998). By this relation, it will be pointed out that society is made up of the social and cultural dynamics of people and so if media content can influence society, then it can easily influence social and cultura l change. There are indeed a number of ways that media content can influence social and cultural change but one of the commonest of these has been found to be the manner in which long term strategic changes are made based on media content. Through means and theories such as framing theory and agenda setting theory, the media can constantly use its content to champion certain key social and cultural issues that it deems as befitting for societal adherence. Once this happens, media content will be directed towards these issues that the media is seeking to champion. The ultimate effect of the application of such theories has also been that society comes to accept the issues that the media sets aboard (Humphrey, 2001). In effect for all long term social and cultural changes that are sought, the likelihood of inculcating the view points of the media content is higher. All the discussions above notwithstanding, there are a number of challenges that can met in

College Writing II Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

College Writing II - Coursework Example In some countries, nearly ninety percent or more than women are working women while in some countries, the ratio of working women is very negligible. The research on this topic will be a great help for people who deny the importance of women. Moreover, this topic will also facilitate towards knowing about the real part that working women play in the lives of their family. Some people regard working women as neglecting their children and family for their own interest while others regard the working women as supportive and helpful for their family. The research will inform in detail about the role of working women, the problems that they face in performing their role and how men look towards the role of working women in a society. The target audiences of this paper are my class fellows, teachers and other people who want to know about the real role of women in any society. Women have to face many problems in their workplaces but they cope up with the difficulties they face in order to support their family. Also, if the male member of the family is unable to earn on the basis of some problem like physically disability or unemployment, the working woman is always there to let its family fulfill their basic needs. The paper will start with an introduction in which, working women and their role will be introduced in terms of different professions in which, women can be found. The introduction will also introduce my basic theme that I want to discuss in my research paper that is the beneficent role of working women. The introduction will give an overview of the whole topic. After introduction, a literature review will be added to the research paper that will contain an argument by means of authorial writings of writers who have written on the topic of working women. The literature review will be the major part of the research as with the help of